The Ultimate Guide to Anal Glands and Monitoring Stool Health in Pets

Understanding your pet’s digestive and glandular health is not just essential for comfort—it's a vital part of their overall well-being. Anal glands, stool firmness, signs of abscess, dietary fiber, and bone support are interconnected factors that every responsible pet parent must grasp. This comprehensive guide provides detailed insights into how to naturally support anal gland function and maintain firm, healthy stools through diet and observation.

What Are Anal Glands and Why They Matter

Anal glands, also known as anal sacs, are small scent glands located on either side of your dog or cat’s anus. These glands naturally empty during defecation, releasing a strong-smelling fluid used for territorial marking and communication.

Signs of Anal Gland Issues

• Scooting or dragging rear across the floor

• Excessive licking or biting of the anus

• Swelling or redness near the rectum

• Straining to defecate

• Foul, fishy odor

• Signs of abscess or rupture (bloody discharge, inflammation)

Anal gland problems arise when these glands fail to empty properly. The result is often impaction, which can lead to infection or painful abscesses.

The Firm Stool Factor: Why Consistency Matters

The single most effective natural mechanism for expressing anal glands is the presence of firm stools. The firmness of the stool provides the necessary pressure on the glands during defecation, ensuring they release fluid naturally.

A stool that is too soft or loose won’t create that pressure, leading to poor expression and potential complications. A stool that is too hard may indicate inadequate hydration or imbalanced nutrition, stressing the digestive system.

Characteristics of a Healthy Stool

• Firm but pliable

• Compact, well-formed

• Moist surface

• Easy to pass without strain

• Chocolate brown color in dogs; medium to dark brown in cats

Regular stool checks are essential. Observing shape, size, moisture, and consistency helps detect early signs of health imbalances, from dietary intolerance to parasitic infection.

Raw Feeding and Fiber: A Natural Strategy for Gland and Stool Support

A species-appropriate raw diet, rich in moisture, protein, and appropriate bone content, is one of the most effective dietary approaches for preventing anal gland issues. However, balance is crucial.

Bone Support and Firmness

Bones are the natural fiber of the carnivore diet. Raw meaty bones—never cooked—contribute to firm, well-formed stools that naturally express anal glands.

• Chicken necks, turkey tails, duck feet

• Beef knuckles, lamb ribs (for larger dogs)

• Bone-in meals should comprise about 10% of a balanced raw diet

Excess bone can lead to overly hard stools and constipation. Monitor consistency and adjust as needed.

Fiber’s Role in Digestive and Gland Health

Though obligate carnivores and facultative carnivores don’t require fiber in the same way as omnivores, select dietary fibers can support healthy gut flora and improve stool quality.

Recommended fiber additions:

• Psyllium husk (in small amounts)

• Ground chia or flaxseed

• Fermented vegetables (e.g., sauerkraut in tiny portions)

• Pumpkin purée (unsweetened, plain)

Fiber acts as a bulking agent, especially useful for pets who pass stools that are too soft to help gland expression. However, too much can lead to excessive stool volume or diarrhea.

Matching Stool Types to Root Causes and Remedies

Stool quality is a direct reflection of internal health. Below are common stool conditions and their possible causes, along with recommended adjustments.

Additional Remedy Recommendations for Common Digestive Issues

Constipation

Symptoms: Hard, dry stools; straining to defecate; infrequent bowel movements
Common Causes: Too much bone, dehydration, inadequate fiber
Remedies:

• Reduce raw meaty bone content temporarily

• Increase hydration through bone broth or water-rich foods

• Add a spoonful of canned pumpkin or chia soaked in water

• Introduce small portions of cooked green veggies or psyllium husk

• Include raw liver for its natural lubricating effects (in moderation)

Diarrhea

Symptoms: Loose or watery stools, urgency, frequency, possible mucus
Common Causes: Sudden dietary change, excess fat, parasites, food intolerance
Remedies:

• Temporarily fast for 12–24 hours (adult dogs only)

• Follow up with a bland diet: ground turkey and pumpkin, or cooked white fish and sweet potato

• Slowly reintroduce raw over several days

• Add slippery elm bark or marshmallow root to soothe the gut

• Ensure proper bone balance is restored before resuming normal feeding

Fasting for Digestive Reset

When to Fast:

• Onset of diarrhea

• Vomiting without lethargy

• Sudden diet transitions

• After overeating or dietary indiscretion

How to Fast:

• Adult dogs: 12 to 24 hours (always with access to clean water)

• Do not fast puppies, kittens, or cats—offer bland food instead

• Follow fasting with a gentle reintroduction of bland meals for 1–2 days before returning to normal feeding

Supplemental Support

Useful Supplements to Support Stool Quality and Anal Glands:

• Digestive enzymes: Aid in breakdown and absorption of nutrients

• Probiotics: Restore balance in gut flora after digestive upset

• Slippery elm powder: Coats and soothes irritated mucosal lining

• Pumpkin powder: Convenient, shelf-stable stool balancer

• Bone broth: Hydrating, nutrient-dense, gentle on the GI tract

• Fish oil or sardines: Anti-inflammatory support for the gut and glands

• Green tripe: Natural source of enzymes and beneficial bacteria

Anal Gland Expression: When and Why It’s Needed

Routine manual expression is not recommended for healthy pets. Overexpressing can weaken the muscles surrounding the glands and create dependency.

Manual expression should be reserved for:

• Recurrent impactions

• Existing abscesses under veterinary care

• Specific medical conditions or anatomical issues

Pets with chronic issues should undergo a full dietary and stool evaluation before committing to regular expressions.

Spotting and Managing Anal Gland Abscesses

An untreated impaction can progress to infection and eventually rupture. Abscesses appear as swollen, painful lumps near the rectum and may rupture, leaking blood or pus.

Steps to take:

1. Immediate vet visit for drainage and antibiotics

2. Warm compresses to promote circulation

3. Anti-inflammatory support (natural or prescribed)

4. Diet adjustment for long-term stool and gland health

When to Seek Help

While many mild cases of gland irritation resolve with diet and lifestyle changes, chronic or severe symptoms warrant veterinary attention.

Contact your vet if:

• Your pet scoots or licks persistently

• You notice swelling, bleeding, or foul odor

• Stool consistency remains soft despite dietary adjustments

• There are signs of systemic illness (fever, lethargy)

The Takeaway: Prevention is Rooted in Nutrition

A proactive approach to anal gland and digestive health begins with diet. High-quality, raw or minimally processed food, bone support, moderate fiber intake, and consistent stool checks form the core of a long-term prevention plan.

Summary Checklist:

• ✅ Feed a balanced raw diet with appropriate bone content

• ✅ Add functional fiber only when needed

• ✅ Regularly observe stool for firmness and uniformity

• ✅ Avoid unnecessary manual expression

• ✅ Address early signs of abscess or infection immediately

• ✅ Use fasting and bland diets appropriately during digestive upset

• ✅ Include supportive supplements to optimize stool and gland health

Healthy stools are more than waste—they’re a window into your pet’s inner wellness.